2nd Six Weeks Study Guide

2^nd Six Weeks Study Guide

The Subject of a Sentence:

* The complete subject of the sentence includes the simple subject and all the modifiers that go with it.

Example: My dog likes to play. My dog- complete subject

likes to play- complete predicate

· Find the simple subject. The simple subject is the main word or words in the complete subject. Ask yourself the question, "Who or what did that?" or, "Who or what is that?" The answer to these questions will be your subject!

Example: Jonathan studied for his test. Who studied for his test? Jonathan did. Jonathan is the subject!

· Finding the subject tips:

- The subject of an interrogative sentence often comes after the first word of the sentence.

- The subject of an imperative sentence is always you.

- Here and there are never subjects on a sentence. If a sentence starts with Here or there, the subject will be the first noun after the first verb.

- The subject of a declarative sentence often comes first.

Compound subject has two or more simple subjects that have the same predicate. A compound predicate has two or more simple predicates that have the same subject. Be able to recognize these in a sentence.

Prepositions (pgs. 360-362)

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence. Many students find it helpful to remember "a preposition is anywhere a mouse can run." This takes care of words such as over, under, between, around and others. However, don't forget those prepositions such as for, of, about and the time prepositions (such as after, before, until). Study the chart on page 361 in your textbook.

The object of the preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows the preposition.

For example:

The mouse ran under Lucy's desk.

The prepositional phrase begins with the preposition and ends with the object. For example:

The mouse ran under Lucy's desk. Under Lucy's desk is the prepositional phrase.

Sentence Fragments:

A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought. Most of the time they leave out the predicate or subject. Sometimes they are dependent clauses that need and independent clause to make them clear. For example:

-The fuzzy bear. (missing a predicate, the "doing" part)

-Jumped up and down the long hallway. (missing a subject)

-While I studied for my test. (The subordinating conjunction "while" makes this a dependent clause, It needs an -independent clause to make it complete.)

Types of Sentences:

Know the four types of sentences. Make sure you can figure out what type of punctuation goes with each sentence.

Imperative Sentence- Makes a request or a command. Place a period on the end of this sentence.

Declarative Sentence- makes a statement. Place a period at the end of this type of sentence.

Interrogative Sentence- asks a question. Place a question mark at the end of this type of sentence.

Exclamatory Sentence- Expresses strong emotion. Place and exclamatory mark at the end of this sentence.

Adjective and Adverb Phrases:

There are two kinds of prepositional phrases, adjective and adverb.

An adverb phrase will modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They will tell where, when, how, and sometimes why.

Example:

I found my tapping shoes on the beach. Where were the tapping shoes found? They were found on the beach. On the beach modifies the verb found.

Adjective phrases modify nouns or pronouns. They tell what kind, how many, and which one.

Example:

The picture on the wall fell down. Which picture fell? The one on the wall fell. "On the wall" tells us which picture. This makes "on the wall" an adjective phrase.

Clauses:

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and its verb. There are two kinds of clauses, independent and subordinate (also known as dependent).

* An independent clause is a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.

Example: While skipping down the hall, I sang a song.

"I sang a song" is an independent clause. We can make a sentence of it.

* A subordinate/dependent clause begins with a subordinating conjunction and cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Example: While father was sleeping, we picked out his present.

"While father was sleeping" is our subordinate/dependent clause. Even though it has a subject (father) and a verb (sleeping), it will not make sense by itself as a sentence. The subordinating clause "while" makes it a subordinate/dependent clause.

______________________________________________________________________

Use the red rules in the chapters above to complete the following.

· A sentence is a word group that contains a subject and a ________________ and that expresses a complete thought.

· The ________________ tells whom or what the sentence is about.

· The ______________ subject is the main word or word group that tells whom or ___________ the sentence is about.

· The _________________ of a sentence tells something about the subject.

· The ______________ predicate or __________ , is the main word or word group in the complete predicate.

· A compound subject consists of ________ or more subjects that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same verb.

· A compound ____________ consists of tow or more verbs that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same subject.

· A ________________ sentence makes a statement and ends with a _____________.

· An ____________________ sentence gives a command.

· An _________________ sentence asks a question and ends with a ____________ ____________________

· An ___________________ sentence shows excitement or strong feeling. It ends with a _____________ ______________.

· A ___________________ is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that does not contain both a verb and its ________________.

· A ______________________ phrase includes a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object.

· A _________________ _______________ that modifies a noun or pronoun is called ________________ phrase.

· A prepositional phrase that is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb is called an _________________ _________________.

· A _________________________ is a word group that contains a verb and its subject and that is used as a sentence or as part of a sentence.

· An _______________________ ( or main) clause expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself is a sentence.

· A ______________________ (or dependent) clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence.

· An _______________ clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun.

· An ____________________ clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.

· A _____________________ sentence has one independent clause and no subordinate clauses.

· A _____________________ sentence consists of ________________ or more independent clauses, usually joined by a comma and a connecting word.

· A ____________________ sentence contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.

· A _____________________ object is a noun, _____________, or word group that tells who or what receives the action of the verb.

An ___________________ object is noun, pronoun, or word group that usually comes between the verb and the direct object. An indirect object tells to whom or what or for whom or for what the action of the verb is done.